!R1
conf t
int loopback 1
ip addr 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
no sh
int g0/0
ip addr 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0
no sh
router bgp 1
network 1.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255
network 10.1.12.0 mask 255.255.255.0
neighbor 10.1.12.2 remote-as 2
neighbor 10.1.13.3 remote-as 3
exit
!R2
conf t
int loopback 1
ip addr 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
no sh
int g0/0
ip addr 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0
no sh
int g1/0
ip addr 10.1.23.2 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
router bgp 2
network 2.2.2.2 mask 255.255.255.255
network 10.1.12.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 10.1.23.0 mask 255.255.255.0
neighbor 10.1.12.1 remote-as 1
neighbor 10.1.23.3 remote-as 3
exit
!R3
conf t
int loopback 1
ip addr 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
no sh
int g0/0
ip addr 10.1.23.3 255.255.255.0
no sh
int g1/0
ip addr 10.1.34.3 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
router bgp 3
network 3.3.3.3 mask 255.255.255.255
network 10.1.23.0 mask 255.255.255.0
neighbor 10.1.12.1 remote-as 1
neighbor 10.1.23.2 remote-as 2
exit
設定為後,R1跟R2形成鄰居,R2跟R3形成鄰居,而R1跟R3卻沒有形成鄰居。
R3#show ip bgp summary
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
10.1.12.1 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 never Idle
IP SLA在教學上多半使用 ICMP-echo,但Cisco CCNP ENARSI需要還要學會:jitter, tracking objects, delay, connectivity)等的應用。
為此,就簡單來帶過一下IP SLA Jitter and Connectivity。
設定
R1先接NAT,透過電腦可以做NAT然後連上網際網路。
R1為設定IP SLA的設備,然後IP SLA目的端為R2或網際網路。
如果要看IP SLA執行的結果,可以在輸入指令:
show ip sla statistics
Jitter
jitter是甚麼?先來點簡單地介紹相關名詞。以下是關於udp-jitter的相關統計值。
IPSLA operation id: 1
Type of operation: udp-jitter
Latest RTT: 17 milliseconds
Latest operation start time: *08:04:34.043 UTC Tue Feb 2 2021
Latest operation return code: OK
RTT Values:
Number Of RTT: 2 RTT Min/Avg/Max: 15/17/20 milliseconds
Latency one-way time:
Number of Latency one-way Samples: 0
Source to Destination Latency one way Min/Avg/Max: 0/0/0 milliseconds
Destination to Source Latency one way Min/Avg/Max: 0/0/0 milliseconds
Jitter Time:
Number of SD Jitter Samples: 1
Number of DS Jitter Samples: 1
Source to Destination Jitter Min/Avg/Max: 7/7/7 milliseconds
Destination to Source Jitter Min/Avg/Max: 2/2/2 milliseconds
Packet Loss Values:
Loss Source to Destination: 0 Loss Destination to Source: 0
Out Of Sequence: 0 Tail Drop: 0
Packet Late Arrival: 0 Packet Skipped: 18
Voice Score Values:
Calculated Planning Impairment Factor (ICPIF): 0
Mean Opinion Score (MOS): 0
Number of successes: 25
Number of failures: 5
Operation time to live: Forever
ip sla 30
http get http://jianning0915.wordpress.com/ name-server 168.95.1.1
timeout 5000
frequency 60 !最小值
exit
ip sla schedule 30 start-time now lift forever
!R1
conf t
int g0/0
ip addr 12.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.1.2.2
!R2
conf t
int loopback 1
ip addr 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
ip ospf 1 a 0
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 12.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
no sh
ip ospf 1 a 0
int g1/0
ip addr 23.2.3.2 255.255.255.0
no sh
ip ospf 1 a 0
exit
router ospf 1
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 23.2.3.3
!R3
conf t
int loopback 1
ip addr 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
ip ospf 1 a 0
int g0/0
ip addr 23.2.3.3 255.255.255.0
no sh
ip ospf 1 a 0
int g1/0
ip addr 34.3.4.3 255.255.255.0
no sh
ip ospf 1 a 0
exit
router ospf 1
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 34.3.4.4
!R4
conf t
int loopback 1
description Fake_WAN
ip addr 99.99.99.99 255.255.255.255
int loopback 2
description Fake_R2
ip addr 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
int loopback 3
description Fake_R2
ip addr 12.1.2.2 255.255.255.255
int g0/0
ip addr 34.3.4.4 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 34.3.4.3
首先要在R1打開debug,方便觀察。
debug ip icmp
接著先在R4用正常ping到R1
R4#ping 12.1.2.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.1.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms
R3#debug ip icmp
ICMP packet debugging is on
R3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#int g1/0
R3(config-if)#ip verify unicast source reachable-via any
R4#ping 12.1.2.1 source loopback 1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.1.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 99.99.99.99
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/49/64 ms
!R1
conf t
int g0/0
ip addr 10.1.14.1 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.14.4
!R2
conf t
int g0/0
ip addr 10.1.24.2 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.24.4
!R3
conf t
int g0/0
ip addr 10.1.34.3 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.34.4
!R5
conf t
int g0/0
ip addr 10.1.54.5 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.54.4
!R4
conf t
int g0/0
ip addr 10.1.14.4 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
int g1/0
ip addr 10.1.24.4 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
int g2/0
ip addr 10.1.34.4 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
int g3/0
ip addr 10.1.54.4 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
int g4/0
ip addr 11.12.13.254 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 11.12.13.1
! snmp
snmp-server community PM-Policing_and_Shaping
要完成Policy-map,得從低階一路組成高階,先下ACL。※這裡指定icmp
! ACL
ip access-list extended R1
permit icmp 10.1.14.0 0.0.0.255 any
ip access-list extended R2
permit icmp 10.1.24.0 0.0.0.255 any
ip access-list extended R3
permit icmp 10.1.34.0 0.0.0.255 any
exit
ACL下完了,才能下Class-map。
! Class-map R1_or_R2
class-map match-any R1_or_R2
match access-group name R1
match access-group name R2
exit
! Class-map R3
class-map match-any R3
match access-group name R3
exit
有了Class-map,才能下Policy-map。
! Policy-map
policy-map Policing_and_Shaping
class R1_or_R2
police 800000 !800000 bit/sec = 100000 byte/sec = 100KB/sec
exceed-action drop
exit
exit
class R3
shape average 800000
queue-limit 10000 bytes
queue-limit 3000 ms
queue-limit 100 packets
exit
exit
!R1
conf t
int g0/0
ip addr 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 g0/0
conf t
int g0/0
ip addr 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 g0/0
conf t
ip vrf R1
exit
ip vrf R2
exit
ip vrf R4
exit
int g0/0
ip vrf forwarding R1
ip addr 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
int g1/0
ip vrf forwarding R2
ip addr 10.1.2.3 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
int g2/0
ip vrf forwarding R4
ip addr 10.1.4.3 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
!R4
conf t
int g0/0
ip addr 10.1.4.4 255.255.255.0
no sh
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 g0/0
ip route vrf <vrf-name> <network> <subnet-mask> <next-hop ip> global
!R3
ip route vrf R1 10.1.4.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.4.4 global
ip route vrf R2 10.1.4.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.4.4 global
ip route vrf R4 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.1 global
ip route vrf R4 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.2.2 global